© 2007 Veikko Keränen
The following 200 new abelian square-free endomorphisms on 4 letters were found on large grid computations at RAMK.
The programs were firstly written by Veikko Keränen & Kari Tuovinen in 1990 (Lisp & C), and, later, by Viet Pham Hoang &
Veikko Keränen in 2006-2007 (Mathematica & C++). Viet built the grid and organised the runs on it.
Firstly, we present an abelian square-free substitution on 4 letters with 12 words in the image of every letter.
The 12 a2f endomorphisms g making up the substitution (and the 12^4 = 20736 a2f endomorphisms)
have the uniform modulus of 109, and, in every case, the image words g(b), g(c), g(d)
are all obtained by the circular automorphism of {a,b,c,d}* starting from g(a).
The Parikh vectors for each g(a), g(b), g(c), g(d) are the rows of the following matrix:
{{21, 31, 29, 28},
{28, 21, 31, 29},
{29, 28, 21, 31},
{31, 29, 28, 21}}
The 12 image words for g(a):s are as follows, where the dots are added just for readability.
Note the delicate mutations:
abcacdcbcdcadcdb.abcd.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.acd.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.abcd.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.adc.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.abcd.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.cad.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.abdc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.acd.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.abdc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.adc.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.abdc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.cad.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.adbc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.acd.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.adbc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.adc.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.adbc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.cad.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.dabc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.acd.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.dabc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.adc.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.dabc.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.cad.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca
The same words can be represented in a form that shows the "movement" of the letters d and c in the invariant background:
abcacdcbcdcadcdb.d.abcbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.c.adbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.d.abcbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcba.c.dbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdb.d.abcbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcbad.c.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdba.d.bcbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.c.adbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdba.d.bcbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcba.c.dbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdba.d.bcbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcbad.c.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdbab.d.cbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.c.adbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdbab.d.cbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcba.c.dbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdbab.d.cbadacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcbad.c.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdbabc.d.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcb.c.adbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdbabc.d.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcba.c.dbdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca abcacdcbcdcadcdbabc.d.badacdadbdcdbdabdbcbabcbdcbad.c.bdcdadcdbcbabcbdcbcacdcacbadabcbdcbcadbabcbabdbcdbdadbdcbca
The number of a2f words over 4 letters counted up to length 60
More a2f endomorphisms over 4 letters:
a2fEndomorphismsOver4Letters_Lengths102-115_200inNumber_EditedForReadability.txt
a2fEndomorphismsOver4Letters_Lengths102-115_200inNumber_WithParikhVectors.txt
You may also copy the image words of the "old" g85 (from 1990) and g98 (from 2002) as text from below:
© 2003 V. Keränen
Please, copy from the white output cells below:
abcacdcbcdcadcdbdabacabadbabcbdbcbacbcdcacbabdabacadcbcdcacdbcbacbcdcacdcbdcdadbdcbca
bcdbdadcdadbadacabcbdbcbacbcdcacdcbdcdadbdcbcabcbdbadcdadbdacdcbdcdadbdadcadabacadcdb
cdacabadabacbabdbcdcacdcbdcdadbdadcadabacadcdbcdcacbadabacabdadcadabacabadbabcbdbadac
dabdbcbabcbdcbcacdadbdadcadabacabadbabcbdbadacdadbdcbabcbdbcabadbabcbdbcbacbcdcacbabd
abcacdcbcdcadbdcbdbabcbdcacbabdbabcabdadcdadbdcbdbabdbcbacbcdbabdcdbdcacdbcbacbcdcacdcbdcdadbdcbca
dabdbcbabcbdcacbacadabacbdbadacadabdacdcbcdcacbacadacabadbabcadacbcacbdbcabadbabcbdbcbacbcdcacbabd
cdacabadabacbdbadbdcdadbacadcdbdcdacdbcbabcbdbadbdcdbdadcadabdcdbabdbacabdadcadabacabadbabcbdbadac
bcdbdadcdadbacadcacbcdcadbdcbcacbcdbcabadabacadcacbcacdcbdcdacbcadacadbdacdcbdcdadbdadcadabacadcdb
Created by Mathematica (March 29, 2007)